Harmonising regulatory information on wine protected designation of origin in Europe Original language of the article: English. Sourced from the research article: “A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine protected designations of origin in Europe” (Scientific Data, 2022).
Wine Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) products are strictly regulated and therefore highly susceptible to changes in climatic, environmental and socioeconomic conditions. Analysing the impacts of such changes has so far been challenging, because the legal specifications of wine PDOs in Europe have never been summarised in a harmonised dataset. Here, we present how we created the first inventory of regulatory information for the 1177 wine PDO in Europe, based on the geographical indication register of the European Union.
Rationale
The Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label is a European Union (EU) quality scheme that protects products made in specific areas, under distinctive physical and biological conditions and using strictly defined production practices
Due to the strong relationship between PDO wines and the specific conditions and production practices defined in the regulation documents, these products are highly vulnerable to any changes in the climatic, environmental or economic conditions in the production area. For example, warmer climate conditions are affecting the growing suitability of several traditional cultivars, the introduction of alien pest species is endangering the health of vines, economic and social preferences, are pushing to adopt new and more sustainable production practices, such as organic viticulture
Here, we describe how we created the first geospatial inventory of regulatory information for the 1177 PDO areas registered in Europe, giving insights into its structure and potential uses.
Building the inventory
We collected, standardised and spatialised a set of regulatory information using the legal documents included in the EU geographical indication register eAmbrosia
Table 1. Selected regulatory information included in the inventory.
Information |
Contents |
---|---|
Name |
Official name of the PDO |
Wine products |
Types of wine products authorised for production, following the definition of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 |
Vine varieties |
List of the vine varieties authorised for PDO wines production; varieties have been standardised based on OIV nomenclature |
Yield |
Maximum yield allowed, expressed in hl or kg/ha |
Planting density |
Minimum planting density allowed, expressed in n° of stocks/ha |
Irrigation |
Possibility to use irrigation, expressed as yes or no |
Municipalities |
List of the municipalities included in the PDO |
Link to regulatory documents |
Web link to the eAmbrosia page containing the regulatory documents of the PDO |
Figure 1. Wine PDO areas included in the inventory, based on the municipality boundaries from Eurogeographic (© EuroGeographics 2022).
Inventory structure and potential uses
We developed a freely available geospatial inventory for all the 1177 wine PDO areas in the EU (as of 4 November 2021) that contains a set of regulatory information that can be used by researchers and decision makers. A comprehensive description of the dataset is available in Candiago et al., 2022
This dataset is particularly useful for researchers and decision makers in the field of viticulture. For example, information about planting density and yield can be used by researchers to run crop models calibrated based on the characteristics of each PDO and assess the specific impacts of climate change in a region
Figure 2. Histograms representing the variability in the (a) number of authorised varieties (with a focus on PDOs that authorise 1 to 10 cultivars), (b) wine products, (c) allowed yield, and (d) planting density in the PDOs included in the inventory.
Figure 3. Map showing a set of selected key variables included in the inventory for the area of north-eastern Italy. a) Vine varieties, b) planting density, c) maximum yield, and d) wine products. Points on the maps represent the centroids of the PDOs.
Concluding remarks
Regulatory information on wine PDO products have never been summarised in a unique spatial database. Here, we provide the first freely available geospatial inventory of PDO regulatory information at the European level. This dataset will allow the comparison of information among different wine PDOs, enabling researchers and decision makers to analyse specific characteristics of each PDO region. This will facilitate the development of tailored adaptation strategies in the face of the current global drivers of change.
Sebastian Candiago’s PhD grant was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space Programme (‘AlpES | Alpine Ecosystem Services – mapping, maintenance, management’, project number ASP 183), and the Interreg V-A ITA-AUT programme (REBECKA, project number ITAT1002). Simon Tscholl’s PhD grant was co-financed by the ‘Südtiroler Sparkasse Foundation’.
Notes
- Clark, L. F., & Kerr, W. A. (2017). Climate change and terroir: The challenge of adapting geographical indications. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 20(3–4), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12078
- Fraga, H., Atauri, I. G. de C., Malheiro, A. C., & Santos, J. A. (2016). Modelling climate change impacts on viticultural yield, phenology and stress conditions in Europe. Global Change Biology, 22(11), 3774–3788. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13382
- Caffarra, A., Rinaldi, M., Eccel, E., Rossi, V., & Pertot, I. (2012). Modelling the impact of climate change on the interaction between grapevine and its pests and pathogens: European grapevine moth and powdery mildew. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 148, 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.017
- International Organization of Vine and Wine (2021). Focus OIV, the world organic vineyard. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/8514/en-focus-the-world-organic-vineyard.pdf
- eAmbrosia, the EU geographical indication register. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/geographical-indications-register/
- Candiago, S., Tscholl, S., Bassani, L., Fraga, H., & Egarter Vigl, L. (2022). A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine Protected Designations of Origin in Europe. Scientific Data, 9 (394). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01513-0
- Candiago, S.; Tscholl, S.; Bassani, L.; Fraga, H.; Egarter Vigl, L. (2022). A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine Protected Designations of Origin in Europe. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5877659.v1
- Fraga, H., Atauri, I. G. de C., Malheiro, A. C., & Santos, J. A. (2016). Modelling climate change impacts on viticultural yield, phenology and stress conditions in Europe. Global Change Biology, 22(11), 3774–3788. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13382
- Candiago, S., Tscholl, S., Bassani, L., Fraga, H., & Egarter Vigl, L. (2022). A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine Protected Designations of Origin in Europe. Scientific Data, 9 (394). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01513-0
References
- Clark, L. F., & Kerr, W. A. (2017). Climate change and terroir: The challenge of adapting geographical indications. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, 20(3–4), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12078
- Fraga, H., Atauri, I. G. de C., Malheiro, A. C., & Santos, J. A. (2016). Modelling climate change impacts on viticultural yield, phenology and stress conditions in Europe. Global Change Biology, 22(11), 3774–3788. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13382
- Caffarra, A., Rinaldi, M., Eccel, E., Rossi, V., & Pertot, I. (2012). Modelling the impact of climate change on the interaction between grapevine and its pests and pathogens: European grapevine moth and powdery mildew. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 148, 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.11.017
- International Organization of Vine and Wine (2021). Focus OIV, the world organic vineyard. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/8514/en-focus-the-world-organic-vineyard.pdf
- eAmbrosia, the EU geographical indication register. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from https://ec.europa.eu/info/food-farming-fisheries/food-safety-and-quality/certification/quality-labels/geographical-indications-register/
- Candiago, S., Tscholl, S., Bassani, L., Fraga, H., & Egarter Vigl, L. (2022). A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine Protected Designations of Origin in Europe. Scientific Data, 9 (394). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01513-0
- Candiago, S.; Tscholl, S.; Bassani, L.; Fraga, H.; Egarter Vigl, L. (2022). A geospatial inventory of regulatory information for wine Protected Designations of Origin in Europe. figshare. Collection. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5877659.v1
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